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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">islamology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Islamology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Islamology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>Фонд поддержки и развития научных и культурных программ имени Ш. Марджани</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">islamology-47</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Тема номера</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Topic of the issue</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Улемы и конфессиональная политика восточного отдела ОГПУ в Ташкенте (1917–1927)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ulama and OGPU Eastern Department confessional policy in Tashkent (1917–1927)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелентьев</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melentev</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниил Мелентьев, аспирант, Факультет гуманитарных наук, Аспирантская школа исторических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil Melentev</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">back-in-95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мелентьев Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелентьев Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melentev D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://islamology.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/47">https://islamology.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/47</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая статья посвящена конфессиональной ситуации в Ташкенте и истории формирования политической полиции (Восточный отдел ОГПУ) в первое десятилетие после Октябрьской революции. В статье рассмотрена проблематика противоборства идеологических течений улемов, известных в научной литературе как «джадиды» и «кадимисты». Эти условные категории обозначали границы лояльности улемов к советской политической системе. В статье особое внимание уделено реформам, в которых принимали участие улемы. В ходе исследования было установлено, что политическая полиция взяла под контроль созданную улемами организацию Махкама-йи шар‘ийа, а затем изменила ее статус на временное Центральное духовное управление мусульман Туркестана. После этого улемы стали выступать в роли официальных посредников, ответственных за советизацию и модернизацию региона. Альянс ВО ОГПУ с улемами являлся залогом стабилизации советского порядка. Однако пристальный контроль политической полиции за улемами не означал, что они полностью подчинялись советской власти и поддерживали программу большевистской модернизации. Улемы проявляли себя независимыми акторами и продвигали собственное понимание культурных и политических трансформаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to the confessional situation in Tashkent and history of the political police (OGPU Eastern Department) formation in the first decade after the October Revolution. The paper deals with the problems of constructing different ideological groups known in the scientific literature as «Jadids» and «Kadimists». These conditional categories were substantial for establishing the loyalty boundaries to the Soviet regime among the ulama. In the analysis, paid special attention to the reforms that were associated with the ulama participation. During the study, it was determine that the political police took control over the Mahkama-yi shar‘iyya organization created by the ulama, and then changed its status to the temporary Muslims central spiritual administration of Turkestan. Besides that, the ulama began to act alike official intermediaries responsible for the sovietization and modernization of the region. The alliance of the OGPU Eastern Department with the ulama was the key to the rooting of the Soviet political system. However, the close monitoring of the political police over the ulama did not mean that they were completely subordinate to the Soviet regime and shared the program of Bolshevik modernization. The ulama tried to promote themselves as independent actors and personal comprehending of cultural and political transformations. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Институциональная история</kwd><kwd>конфессиональная политика</kwd><kwd>улемы</kwd><kwd>ОГПУ</kwd><kwd>советский Туркестан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Institutional history</kwd><kwd>confessional policy</kwd><kwd>ulama</kwd><kwd>OGPU</kwd><kwd>Soviet Turkestan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeWeese, D. (2016) It was a Dark and Stagnant Night (‘til the Jadids Brought the Light): Clichés, Biases, and False Dichotomies in the Intellectual History of Central Asia. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. № 59, 37-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alimov, I.A. (1991) Leftist Excesses in Resolving the Religious Issue in the TASSR. 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