<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">islamology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Islamology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Islamology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>Фонд поддержки и развития научных и культурных программ имени Ш. Марджани</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">islamology-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МУСУЛЬМАНСКИЕ КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ В РОССИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хиджама (кровопускание) в Санкт-Петербурге: на пересечении китайской медицины и ислама</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hijama (bloodletting) in St. Petersburg: at the intersection of Chinese medicine and Islam</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крапивин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krapivin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">krapivin585@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European University at Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крапивин И.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крапивин И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krapivin I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://islamology.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/52">https://islamology.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/52</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование посвящено тому, как мусульманское лечебное кровопускание (хиджама) сосуществует в мусульманском и немусульманских контекстах. Основные цели данной работы заключаются в выявлении риторик и религиозных представлений , с которыми связывают эту процедуру специалисты по кровопусканию — хаджамы, а также того, как изменяются практики и способы легитимации кровопускания по мере выхода этой процедуры из замкнутого мусульманского и мигрантского поля в ходе ее джентрификации. Мусульманская практика хиджамы сопровождается осуществлением намерения перед процедурой, верой в джиннов и надеждой на божественную помощь в выздоровлении и воспринимается как средство исцеления и религиозного поклонения. В отличие от мусульман немусульмане чаще всего практикуют хиджаму как часть китайской медицины, отрицают исламские корни процедуры и пытаются провести границу между собственной, по их убеждению, более сложной практикой и «упрощенной» мусульманской.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study addresses the question of how Muslim therapeutic bloodletting, known as hijama, coexists in both Muslim and non-Muslim contexts. This paper identifies the rhetoric and religious representations associated with the procedure by the hajama specialists, the Hajjam, and how these change as the practice moves out of the Muslim and migrant field during thegentrification of hijama. The Muslim practice of hijama is accompanied by the fulfilment of an intention before the procedure, belief in jinn and hope for divine assistance in healing, and is perceived as a means of healing and religious worship. In contrast, non-Muslims most often practice hijama as part of Chinese medicine, deny the Islamic roots of the procedure, and attempt to distinguish between their own, in their belief, more complex practice and the ‘simplified’ Muslim practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кровопускание</kwd><kwd>хиджама</kwd><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>пророческая медицина</kwd><kwd>антропология религии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bloodletting</kwd><kwd>hijama</kwd><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>prophetic medicine</kwd><kwd>anthropology of religion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">вопросов и ответов по Хиджаме. (б. г.). Хиджама — Сунна. https://hijamasunna.com/k2 (дата обращения: 6 февраля 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">110 voprosov i otvetov po Hidzame [110 questions and answers on hijama]. (n. d.). Hidzhama Sunna. Retrieved February 6, 2023, from https://hijamasunna.com/k2. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдурахманов, М. (2021). Хиджама — забытая Сунна Пророка. [б.м.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbasi, I. (2023). Russian Islamophobia. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 8(1), 141–157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аль-Асари, Ф. (2015, 16 октября). Хадисы о хиджаме. Энциклопедия хадисов. https://hadis.uk/xadisy-o-krovopuskaniixidzhama/27060/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdurahmanov, M. (2021). Hidzhama — zabytaya Sunna Proroka [Hijama is the forgotten Sunnah of the Prophet]. [n.p.]. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахриддинова, А. [@hidjama_amina_spb]. (2022, 15 июня). Хиджама. Лечение колдовства. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/Ce0VDtvgMnv/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altglas, V. (2007). The global diffusion and westernization of Neo-Hindu movements: Siddha Yoga and Sivananda Centres. Religions of South Asia, 1(2), 217–237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуруева, Н. (б. г.). Семь точек по Сунне… Ас-салам. https://as-salam.ru/news/240/ (дата обращения: 6 февраля 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Asari, F. (2015, October 16). Hadisy o hidzhame [Hadiths on hijama]. Enciklopediya hadisov. https://hadis.uk/xadisy-o-krovopuskaniixidzhama/27060/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зверева, Н. (2014). Дискурсы о мигрантах в современной российской прессе: стратегии борьбы за значение. Новое литературное обозрение, (4), 88–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Attewell, G. (2003). Islamic medicines: perspectives on the Greek legacy in the history of Islamic medical traditions in West Asia. In H. Selin (Ed.), Medicine Across Cultures: History and Practice of Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (pp. 325–350). Springer Dordrecht.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катифан, А.-К. (2014, 5 июня). Хиджама: лекарство для ума, тела и души. Islam Portal. http://www.islam-portal.ru/novosti/105/4944/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aziz, S. F. &amp; Calderone, S. (2024). Islamophobia in Russia: Ethnicity, migration, and national security. In S. F. Aziz &amp; J. L. Esposito (Eds.), Global Islamophobia and the Rise of Populism (pp. 151–168). Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клячина, Т. В. (2022). Религия и интернет: медицина Пророка в век современных технологий. Minbar. Islamic Studies, 15(2), 407–422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahriddinova, A. [@hidjama_amina_spb]. (2022, June 15). Hidzhama. Lechenie koldovstva [Cure for witchcraft]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/Ce0VDtvgMnv/. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костекский, A. [al-igtisam]. (2021, 7 мая). Хиджама — это Сунна? [Видео]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLpdtQoVpdQ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown, C. G. (2015). Textual erasures of religion: the power of books to redefine yoga and mindfulness meditation as secular wellness practices in North American public schools. Mé moires du livre, 6(2), 1–38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Магомедов, Р. (2021, 23 февраля). Популярность исламской медицины в Дагестане возросла на фоне эпидемии коронавируса. Кавказский узел. https://m.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/360073/?full_page=true</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cieślewska, A. (2021). Spiritual mobility: Alternative healing practices amongst Central Asian migrants in Moscow. In R. Turaeva &amp; R. Urinboyev (Eds.), Labour, Mobility and Informal Practices in Russia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe (pp. 133–148). Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медицина Пророка. (б. г.). Medina school. https://medinaschool.org/library/obshestvo/medicina-i-zdorove/medicina-proroka-Muhammada (дата обращения: 30 декабря 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demeter, M. E. (2006). The commodification of yoga in contemporary US culture (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олимпийских спортсменов уличили в исламском «допинге». (2016, 9 августа). Islam News. https://islamnews.ru/olimpijskix-sportsmenov-ulichili-v-islamskom-dopinge</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Zein, A. (2009). Islam, Arabs, and the intelligent world of the jinn. Syracuse University Press. Eto i est Istina [This is the Truth]. (n. d.). VKontakte. Retrieved May 21, 2023, from https://vk.com/doc253681738_470007817?hash=biprjZd29coVZP389C0eDmqe9QFWk</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Опарин, Д. (2021). Одержимость и экзорцизм в миграционном мусульманском контексте. Неприкосновенный запас, (4), 169–195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GUEYmzwPSqdjxL. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рагозина, С. А. (2017). Анализ лексической сочетаемости лексемы «ислам» в российских печатных СМИ (2010–2013). Исламоведение, 8(1), 112–130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frisk, L. (2012). The practice of mindfulness: from Buddhism to secular mainstream in a post-secular society. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, 24, 48–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руа, О. (2017). Глобализированный ислам: в поисках новой уммы. Islamology, 7(1), 11–40. Шнирельман, В. (2008). Мигрантофобия и «культурный расизм». Ab Imperio, 2, 287–323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurueva, N. Sem tochek po Sunne… [Seven points according to Sunnah…]. (n. d.). As-salam. Retrieved February 6, 2023, from https://as-salam.ru/news/240/. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Текст о джиннах. (2020, 10 октября). Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CGKqbFKBY1A/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hajat, S. (2016, April 13). Dva vida namerenia v islame [Two types of intention in islam]. Islam today. https://islam-today.ru/veroucenie/dva-vida-namerenia-v-islame/. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трофимова, К. П. и Ярлыкапов, А. А. (2022). Невидимые соседи и видимое соседство: джинны и люди в мусульманских культурах (введение к специальной теме номера). Сибирские исторические исследования, (3), 6–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hidzama dlya oderzhimyh dzinami i bolnyh psihicheskimi zabolevaniyami. Opyt. [Hijama for those possessed by jinn and mentally ill. Experience]. (2017, August 23). Cyberpedia. https://cyberpedia.su/8x19df.html. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хайат, С. (2016, 13 апреля). Два вида намерения в исламе. Islam-today. https://islam-today.ru/veroucenie/dva-vida-namerenia-v-islame/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hidjama Moskva [Hijama Moscow]. (n. d.). Hidjama Moskva. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from http://hidjama-moskva.tilda.ws. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хиджама для одержимых джинами и больных психическими заболеваниями. Опыт. (2017, 23 августа). Cyberpedia. https://cyberpedia.su/8x19df.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hidzama ne bolno, effekt zameten srazu [Hijama is not painful, the effect is immediately noticeable]. (2022, July 12). IRecommend.ru. https://irecommend.ru/content/khidzhama-ne-bolno-effekt-zameten-srazu. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хиджама Москва. (б. г.). Hidjama Moskva. http://hidjama-moskva.tilda.ws (дата обращения: 30 декабря 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hillewaert, S. M. (2021). Discourses, Bodies, and Questions of Sharedness in Kenya’s Wellness Communities. Religion and Society, 12(1), 163–177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хиджама не больно, эффект заметен сразу. (2022, 12 июля). IRecommend.ru. https://irecommend.ru/content/khidzhama-ne-bolno-effekt-zameten-srazu</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahroni, J. (2020). Prophet’s medicine among the contemporary indonesian salafi groups. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 15(2), 315–343.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Это и есть Истина. (б. г.). ВКонтакте. https://vk.com/doc253681738_470007817?hash=biprjZd29coVZP389C0eDmqe9QFWkGUEYmzwPSqdjxL&amp;dl=x886GpDRDzsC0d8Jkn5s7UpEfQ2CjVnt9FIPoTw7UM8 (дата обращения: 21 мая 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katifan, A. — K. (2014, June 5). Hidzama: lekarstvo dlya uma, tela i dushi [Hijama: medicine for mind, body and soul]. Islam Portal. http://www.islam-portal.ru/novosti/105/4944/. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbasi, I. (2023). Russian Islamophobia. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 8(1), 141–157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalil, M. K., Al-Eidi, S., Al-Qaed, M., &amp; AlSanad, S. (2018). Cupping therapy in Saudi Arabia: from control to integration. Integrative medicine research, 7(3), 214–218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Attewell, G. (2003). Islamic medicines: perspectives on the Greek legacy in the history of Islamic medical traditions in West Asia. In H. Selin (Ed.), Medicine Across Cultures: History and Practice of Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (pp. 325–350). Springer Dordrecht.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klyachina, T. V. (2022). Religiya i internet: medicina Proroka v vek sovremennyh tekhnologij [Religion and the Internet: The Prophet’s medicine in the age of modern technology]. Minbar. Islamic Studies, 15(2), 407–422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altglas, V. (2007). The global diffusion and westernization of Neo-Hindu movements: Siddha Yoga and Sivananda Centres. Religions of South Asia, 1(2), 217–237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostekskij, A. [al-igtisam]. (2021, May 7). Hidzama — eto sunna? [Is hijama sunnah?] [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLpdtQoVpdQ. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aziz, S. F. &amp; Calderone, S. (2024). Islamophobia in Russia: Ethnicity, migration, and national security. In S. F. Aziz &amp; J. L. Esposito (Eds.), Global Islamophobia and the Rise of Populism (pp. 151–168). Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magomedov, R. (2021, February 23). Populyarnost islamskoj mediciny v Dagestane vozrosla na fone epidemii koronavirusa [The popularity of Islamic medicine in Dagestan has increased against the backdrop of the coronavirus epidemic]. Kavkazskij uzel. https://m.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/360073/?full_page=true. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown, C. G. (2015). Textual erasures of religion: the power of books to redefine yoga and mindfulness meditation as secular wellness practices in North American public schools. Mémoires du livre, 6(2), 1–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mateo Dieste, J. L. (2015). “Spirits are like microbes”: Islamic revival and the definition of morality in Moroccan exorcism. Contemporary Islam, 9(1), 45–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cieślewska, A. (2021). Spiritual mobility: Alternative healing practices amongst Central Asian migrants in Moscow. In R. Turaeva &amp; R. Urinboyev (Eds.), Labour, Mobility and Informal Practices in Russia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe (pp. 133–148). Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medicina Proroka [Medicine of the Prophet]. (n. d.). Medina school. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://medinaschool.org/library/obshestvo/medicina-i-zdorove/medicina-proroka-Muhammada. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demeter, M. E. (2006). The commodification of yoga in contemporary US culture (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nabolsi, M. M., &amp; Carson, A. M. (2011). Spirituality, illness and personal responsibility: the experience of Jordanian Muslim men with coronary artery disease. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 25(4), 716–724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Zein, A. (2009). Islam, Arabs, and the intelligent world of the jinn. Syracuse University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagamia, H. F. (2003). Islamic medicine history and current practice. Jishim, 2(4), 19–30. Olimpijskih sportsmenov ulichili v islamskom “dopinge” [Olympic athletes caught using Islamic “doping”]. (2016, August 9). Islam News. https://islamnews.ru/olimpijskix-sportsmenov-ulichili-v-islamskom-dopinge. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frisk, L. (2012). The practice of mindfulness: from Buddhism to secular mainstream in a post-secular society. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, 24, 48–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oparin, D. (2021). Oderzhimost i ekzortsizm v migratsionnom musulmanskom kontekste [Possession and exorcism in a migratory Muslim context]. Neprikosnovennyj zapas, (4), 169– 195. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hillewaert, S. M. (2021). Discourses, Bodies, and Questions of Sharedness in Kenya’s Wellness Communities. Religion and Society, 12(1), 163–177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Padela, A. I., Killawi, A., Forman, J., DeMonner, S., &amp; Heisler, M. (2012). American Muslim perceptions of healing: key agents in healing, and their roles. Qualitative health research, 22(6), 846–858.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahroni, J. (2020). Prophet’s medicine among the contemporary Indonesian salafi groups. Epistem : Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 15(2), 315–343.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ragozina, S. A. (2017). Analiz leksicheskoj sochetaemosti leksemy Islam” v rossijskikh pechatnyh SMI (2010–2013) [Analysis of lexical combinability of the lexeme ‘Islam’ in Russian print media (2010–2013)]. Islamovedenie, 8(1), 112–130. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khalil, M. K., Al-Eidi, S., Al-Qaed, M., &amp; AlSanad, S. (2018). Cupping therapy in Saudi Arabia: from control to integration. Integrative medicine research, 7(3), 214–218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana, J. (2007). The story of Islamophobia. Souls, 9(2), 148–161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mateo Dieste, J. L. (2015). “Spirits are like microbes”: Islamic revival and the definition of morality in Moroccan exorcism. Contemporary Islam, 9(1), 45–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rua, O. (2017). Globalizirovannyj islam: v poiskah novoj ummy [Globalised Islam: in search of a new ummah]. Islamology, 7(1), 11–40. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nabolsi, M. M., &amp; Carson, A. M. (2011). Spirituality, illness and personal responsibility: the experience of Jordanian Muslim men with coronary artery disease. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 25(4), 716–724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt Stiedenroth, K. (2019). Reviving “A forgotten Sunna:” Hijamah (cupping therapy), prophetic medicine, and the re-Islamization of Unani medicine in contemporary India. Contemporary Islam, 13(2), 183–200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagamia, H. F. (2003). Islamic medicine history and current practice. Jishim, 2(4), 19–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnirelman, V. (2008). Migrantofobiya i kul’turnyy rasizm” [Migrantophobia and “cultural racism”]. Ab Imperio, 2, 287–323. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Padela, A. I., Killawi, A., Forman, J., DeMonner, S., &amp; Heisler, M. (2012). American Muslim perceptions of healing: key agents in healing, and their roles. Qualitative health research, 22(6), 846–858.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tekst o dzinnah [On the jinns]. (2020, October 10). Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CGKqbFKBY1A/ (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana, J. (2007). The story of Islamophobia. Souls, 9(2), 148–161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trofimova, K. P., &amp; Yarlykapov, A. A. (2022). Nevidimye sosedi i vidimoe sosedstvo: dzinny i lyudi v musulmanskih kulturah (vvedenie k specialnoj teme nomera) [Invisible Neighbours and Visible Neighbourhood: Jinn and Humans in Muslim Cultures]. Sibirskie istoricheskie issledovaniya, (3), 6–13. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt Stiedenroth, K. (2019). Reviving “A forgotten Sunna:” Hijamah (cupping therapy), prophetic medicine, and the re-Islamization of Unani medicine in contemporary India. Contemporary Islam, 13(2), 183–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turaeva, R. (2020). Muslim orders in Russia: Trade networks and hijama healing. Nationalities papers, 48(4), 661–674.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turaeva, R. (2020). Muslim orders in Russia: Trade networks and hijama healing. Nationalities papers, 48(4), 661–674.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turaeva, R. (2022). Propiska regime regulating mobility and migration in post-Soviet cities. Cities, 121, 103478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turaeva, R. (2022). Propiska regime regulating mobility and migration in post-Soviet cities. Cities, 121, 103478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zvereva, N. (2014). Diskursy o migrantah v sovremennoj rossijskoj presse: strategii borby za znachenie [Discourses about migrants in the contemporary Russian press: strategies of struggle for meaning]. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, (4), 88–96. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zukin S. (1987). Gentrification: culture and capital in the urban core. Annual review of sociology. 13(1), 129–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zukin, S. (1987). Gentrification: culture and capital in the urban core. Annual review of sociology. 13(1), 129–147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
